Cenozoic paleogeography (animation)
Global paleogeography with zoomed in figures showing the evolution of oceanic gateways active during the Cenozoic time.
Paleo surface topography
Earth’s reconstructed global surface topography from the beginning of the Cenozoic era (66 Million years ago) until today.
Paleo surface topography (animated)
Animations of the Earth’s global surface topography reconstructed through the Cenozoic time (66 - 0 Ma).
3-D subduction mantle flow
3-D subduction dynamics and mantle flow model animation showing the time evolution of oceanic plate subduction and resulting mantle flow.
Global volcano distribution
Global distribution of active and inactive volcanoes as compiled in the NCEI Volcano Location Database.
Historic earthquake distribution
Global distribution map of large 5.8+ magnitude historic earthquakes derived from seismic wave measurements.
Light spectrum (approximation)
Approximate RGB values for the visible wavelengths of the light spectrum.
Earth interior model
Simplified model of the Earth’s interior and its global dynamics featuring a solid inner and a fluid outer core, a viscous partially molten but not fluid mantle, and characteristic surface topography.
Planetary interior
Comparison of suggested mantle convection in the Earth (mobile-lid mode) and Venus (inefficient short slab mode).