Subduction forces and flow pattern
Conceptual illustration for the basic forces and mantle flow pattern around subduction zones.
Tectonic and mantle convection regimes
Conceptual illustration of different styles (regimes) of tectonics and mantle convection, which are relevant for rocky planets.
Planetary spheres art
100-km depth contours outline the basic radial compositional structure of the planetary interiors of Earth, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.
Planetary spheres
The interiors of rocky planets and the Moon represented by 100-km depth contours outlining the basic compositional structure.
Earth’s mantle heterogeneity theories
Conceptual model sketches for proposed compositional structures of Earth's mantle, including "Marble cake", "Thermo-chemical piles", and "Mid-mantle blobs" theories.
Seismic mantle tomography maps
Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
Seismic wave travel paths
A schematic highlighting the travel paths of seismic waves through the Earth’s interior.
