Mantle

Conceptual model sketches for proposed compositional structures of Earth's mantle, including "Marble cake", "Thermo-chemical piles", and "Mid-mantle blobs" theories.

Earth’s mantle heterogeneity theories

Conceptual model sketches for proposed compositional structures of Earth's mantle, including "Marble cake", "Thermo-chemical piles", and "Mid-mantle blobs" theories.

Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).

Seismic mantle tomography maps

Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).

A schematic highlighting some of the most relevant Earth processes.

Earth processes

A schematic highlighting some of the most relevant Earth processes.

Illustration by Fabio Crameri of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.

Dynamic planet Earth

Illustration of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.

Cross-section through the Earth showing mantle convection above the Earth's inner and outer core.

Mantle convection

Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.

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