Seismic mantle tomography maps
Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
Seismic wave travel paths
A schematic highlighting the travel paths of seismic waves through the Earth’s interior.
Dynamic planet Earth
Illustration of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.
Stagnant-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mobile-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mantle convection
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.
Ocean-plate tectonics
A schematic highlighting ocean-plate formation, cooling and destruction as part of the planet's global mantle convection.