Puysegur trench formation
A schematic highlighting the formation of the Puysegur trench, New Zealand, where subduction zone initiation may be both horizontally and then vertically driven, according to a 4D evolution model of this margin.
Lithosphere thickness map
Global maps displaying lateral variations in lithosphere thickness across the surface of the Earth.
Subduction zone initiation types
Illustration of the three types of subduction zone initiation (SZI) events, namely Newly destructive, Episodic subduction, and Polarity reversal.
Subduction zone initiation forcing
Illustration of the two endmember forcing states, namely vertically and horizontally driven, characterising subduction zone initiation (SZI).
Cenozoic paleogeography (animation)
Global paleogeography with zoomed in figures showing the evolution of oceanic gateways active during the Cenozoic time.
Paleo surface topography
Earth’s reconstructed global surface topography from the beginning of the Cenozoic era (66 Million years ago) until today.
Paleo surface topography (animated)
Animations of the Earth’s global surface topography reconstructed through the Cenozoic time (66 - 0 Ma).
Earth interior model
Simplified model of the Earth’s interior and its global dynamics featuring a solid inner and a fluid outer core, a viscous partially molten but not fluid mantle, and characteristic surface topography.
Planetary interior
Comparison of suggested mantle convection in the Earth (mobile-lid mode) and Venus (inefficient short slab mode).