Earth interior model
Simplified model of the Earth’s interior and its global dynamics featuring a solid inner and a fluid outer core, a viscous partially molten but not fluid mantle, and characteristic surface topography.
Mantle plumes are illustrated in this collection of accurate, accessible science graphics, designed to make understanding these deep-Earth upwellings clear and engaging. These visuals show how hot material rises from the mantle to create volcanic hotspots, ocean islands, and large igneous provinces, shaping Earth’s surface over Millions of years. Ideal for educators, students, and geoscience enthusiasts, this mantle plume graphic collection turns complex geodynamic processes into visually rich, easy-to-grasp resources for teaching and learning about Earth’s dynamic interior.
Planetary interior
Comparison of suggested mantle convection in the Earth (mobile-lid mode) and Venus (inefficient short slab mode).
North East Atlantic Ocean Evolution
Opening of the North East Atlantic Ocean and dynamic support from the Iceland mantle plume.
Plume-induced subduction
Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates and hot mantle plumes.
Dynamic planet Earth
Illustration of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.
Stagnant-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mobile-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mantle convection
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.
Ocean-plate tectonics
A schematic highlighting Ocean-plate tectonics: ocean-plate formation, cooling and destruction as part of the planet's global mantle convection.