Global Cenozoic paleogeography
Global Cenozoic paleogeography, and the deep sea benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope curve.
Global Cenozoic paleogeography, and the deep sea benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope curve.
Age of the oceanic lithosphere with superposed oceanic Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs).
Opening of the North East Atlantic Ocean and dynamic support from the Iceland mantle plume.
Illustration of a divergent plate boundary on the Earth accommodating the relative motion of the plates by plate formation.
Illustration of how plates move across the Earth featuring the Euler pole and plate boundary end-members.
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.