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Mountain heights

Height comparison of prominent mountains on the Earth measured from their base to their peak.

Height comparison of prominent mountains on the Earth measured from their base to their peak unrelated to their respective height above sea level. Icons of buildings are to scale.

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Puysegur trench formation

A schematic highlighting the formation of the Puysegur trench, New Zealand, where subduction zone initiation may be both horizontally and then vertically driven, according to a 4D evolution model of this margin.

A schematic highlighting the formation of the Puysegur trench, New Zealand, where subduction zone initiation may be both horizontally and then vertically driven, according to a 4D evolution model of this margin. Its gradual evolution from north to south represents a pseudo-temporal sequence of a forming subduction zone, which naturally spans a few millions of years. In the northern segment, where subduction nucleated, horizontal forces may have dominated, representative of the early stages of subduction initiation. With time, vertical forces took over, propagating along the evolving megathrust and helping to finally form a self-sustaining subduction zone.

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Surface topography cross-section

Global cross-section of the Earth’s surface topography showing the bedrock elevation across oceans, land, and ice sheets.

Global cross-section of the Earth’s surface topography along the equator. Shown are the bedrock elevation across oceans, land, and ice sheets. The data is ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009), a 1 arc-minute global relief model of Earth’s surface that integrates land topography and ocean bathymetry. Alternative crosssections are included.

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Periodic Table of Elements

Colour-vision deficiency friendly Periodic Table of Elements including atomic numbers, element symbols and names, atomic mass, and period and group.

Colour-vision deficiency friendly Periodic Table of Elements including atomic numbers, element symbols and names, atomic mass, and period and group. Lanthanoids and Actinoids are shown. Coloured are the different element flavours or, alternatively, phases of individual elements at room temperature. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual groups of elements to all readers.

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Seismic hazard

Seismic hazard maps presenting the level of certain ground motions that have a 10% chance of exceedance during a 50-year time span.

Seismic hazard maps presenting the level of certain ground motions that have a 10% chance of exceedance (or a 90% chance of non-exceedance) during a 50-year time span (corresponding to a return period of 475 years). The seismic hazard data shown from Giardini et al. (2003) describes the peak ground acceleration. The Scientific colour map ‘bilbao‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 15.12.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Giardini, D., Grünthal, G., Shedlock, K. M. and Zhang, P.: The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map. In: Lee, W., Kanamori, H., Jennings, P. and Kisslinger, C. (eds.): International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology, International Geophysics Series 81 B, Academic Press, Amsterdam, 1233-1239, 2003.
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Mantle elements

The most common elements inside the Earth’s mantle.

The most common elements inside the Earth’s core. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual elements to all readers.

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Core elements

The most common elements inside the Earth’s core.

The most common elements inside the Earth’s core. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual elements to all readers.

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Geologic time scale (uniform)

The colour-vision deficiency friendly, time-uniform geologic time scales from the s-Ink science graphics collection.

The colour-blind friendly, time-uniform geologic time scale. The geologic time scale represents deep time based on events that have occurred throughout the Earth’s history, spanning approximately 4.54 ± 0.05 Billion years. It organises time chronologically by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or paleontological events.

The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual time periods to all readers.

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Ocean surface areas

Global maps of the Earth schematically highlighting the individual surface areas of the World’s oceans, including the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans.

Global maps of the Earth schematically highlighting the individual surface areas of the World’s oceans, including the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans.

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