Deformation mechanisms
The three deformation mechanisms viscous, elastic, and brittle (a.k.a. plastic).
Mantle convection is brought to life in this collection of accurate, accessible science graphics, designed to make understanding Earth’s internal heat flow clear and engaging. These visuals explain how hot mantle material rises and cooler material sinks, driving plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains. Perfect for educators, students, and geoscience enthusiasts, this mantle convection graphic collection turns complex geodynamic processes into visually rich, easy-to-grasp resources for teaching and learning about Earth’s dynamic interior.
Plume-induced subduction
Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates and hot mantle plumes.
Geodynamic scales
Spatial and temporal scales of common geodynamic processes, which occur over a wide range of time and length scales.
Dynamic planet Earth
Illustration of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.
Stagnant-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mobile-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mantle convection
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.