Earth’s mantle heterogeneity theories

Conceptual model sketches for proposed compositional structures of Earth's mantle, including "Marble cake", "Thermo-chemical piles", and "Mid-mantle blobs" theories.

Seismic mantle tomography maps

Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).

Planetary interior

Comparison of suggested mantle convection in the Earth (mobile-lid mode) and Venus (inefficient short slab mode).

Mantle convection

Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.

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