Earth’s mantle heterogeneity theories
Conceptual model sketches for proposed compositional structures of Earth's mantle, including "Marble cake", "Thermo-chemical piles", and "Mid-mantle blobs" theories.
Seismic mantle tomography maps
Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
Global-scale mantle flow (sketch)
A sketch outlining the link between the viscous convection within the Earth’s mantle and tectonic surface plate motions.
Planetary interior
Comparison of suggested mantle convection in the Earth (mobile-lid mode) and Venus (inefficient short slab mode).
Mantle convection
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.