Projected (historical and future) annual mean sea-level around Europe relative to the 1986–2005 reference period based on hydrodynamic modelling using Global Climate Models (GCMs). Contributing to sea-level rise are the thermal expansion of the ocean, changes in ocean circulation, ice sheet contributions, and glacio-isostatic adjustment (here not considered are subsidence and tectonics). Visualising such variations ins regional and local sea level is critical to evaluate coastal flooding, coastal erosion, and the accessibility of ports.
Data is from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (2022) and the Scientific colour map ‘roma‘ is used to represent the data accurately and to all readers.
- Creator: Fabio Crameri
- This version: 21.07.2026
- License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri using data from Copernicus Climate Change Service is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
- Related reference: Copernicus Climate Change Service (2022): Global sea level change time series from 1950 to 2050 derived from reanalysis and high resolution CMIP6 climate projections. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.a6d42d60 (Accessed on 21-JUL-2026)
- Animated and still graphic versions
- High resolution
- Perceptually uniform colour map
- Colour-vision deficiency friendly
- Readable in black&white
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