Earth’s magnetic field (overview)
Schematics outlining key elements of the Earth’s magnetic field that is produced in the hot, liquid Outer Core, varies in strength, and even reverses multiple times through the planet’s evolution.
Subduction forces and flow pattern
Conceptual illustration for the basic forces and mantle flow pattern around subduction zones.
Subduction zone initiation statistics
The number of subduction-zone initiation (SZI) events that fulfil specific aspects versus the total number of 13 SZI events from the SZI Database (Crameri et al. 2020) diagnosed.
Subduction zone initiation events
Some of the subduction-zone initiation (SZI) events that occurred during the last 120 million years indicated in space and time according to the SZI Database by Crameri et al. (2020).
Tectonic and mantle convection regimes
Conceptual illustration of different styles (regimes) of tectonics and mantle convection, which are relevant for rocky planets.
Atmospheric CO2 concentration art
No time to waste: Globally averaged concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere for the time period 803’719 BCE – today.
Planetary spheres art
100-km depth contours outline the basic radial compositional structure of the planetary interiors of Earth, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.
Surface topography cross-section art
The global bedrock relief model of the Earth’s surface along the equator integrating land topography and ocean bathymetry reveals the vastness of the ocean depths.
Planetary spheres
The interiors of rocky planets and the Moon represented by 100-km depth contours outlining the basic compositional structure.