Seismic mantle tomography maps
Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
S-wave velocity maps
Global horizontal S-wave seismic velocity anomaly maps for different upper-mantle depths.
Sea-level change mechanisms (sketch)
Sketches outlining the solid-Earth induced sea-level change mechanisms over different time periods, covering elastic, viscous, and mantle convection time scales.
Global-scale mantle flow (sketch)
A sketch outlining the link between the viscous convection within the Earth’s mantle and tectonic surface plate motions.
Seismic wave travel paths
A schematic highlighting the travel paths of seismic waves through the Earth’s interior.
Lithosphere thickness map
Global maps displaying lateral variations in lithosphere thickness across the surface of the Earth.
Subduction zone initiation types
Illustration of the three types of subduction zone initiation (SZI) events, namely Newly destructive, Episodic subduction, and Polarity reversal.
Subduction initiation forcing
The illustration depicts two endmember states in subduction zone initiation: vertically-forced and horizontally-forced subduction initiation.