Ozone (O₃) makes up a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, but the layer concentrated in the stratosphere (roughly 15–35 km up) absorbs the vast majority of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation, shielding life on the Earth’s surface from UV damage.

Ozone Layer Evolution

Yearly evolution of the Earth's ozone layer from 1970 to 2023. It highlights the ozone depletion, particularly over Antarctica, leading to the "ozone hole".

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