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Tag: Numerical model

Continental rift evolution (animation)

Continental rift evolution—from inception to breakup—accounting for surface processes and tectonic deformation.

Continental rift evolution—from inception to breakup—accounting for surface processes and tectonic deformation. Shown is the rifting evolution of a regional 3-D model covering upper crust, lower crust, and mantle lithosphere atop an asthenospheric layer. The rift fault network evolves through five major phases: (a) distributed deformation and coalescence, (b) fault system growth, (c) fault system decline and basinward localization, (d) rift migration, and (e) breakup. Sediments not only interact with tectonic deformation but they also record subsidence, block rotation, and rift migration. The visualisation is based on coupled numerical models of geodynamics (ASPECT) and landscape evolution (FastScape). The animation is based on the reference model of Neuharth et al., 2022.

  • Creator: Sascha Brune and Derek Neuharth
  • Original version: 26.05.2024
  • This version: 27.11.2024
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: These animation Sascha Brune and Derek Neuharth is based on Neuharth et al. (2022) and available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related reference: Neuharth, D., Brune, S., Wrona, T., Glerum, A., Braun, J., & Yuan, X. (2022). Evolution of Rift Systems and Their Fault Networks in Response to Surface Processes. Tectonics, 41(3), e2021TC007166. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC007166

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Solid-state convection

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection).

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection). Simulations are run for variable Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and with or without internal heating (H) on a grid with 64×64 discrete nodes using an isoviscous formulation (unless marked otherwise). Equations solved are non-dimensionalised (nd) and the domain boundaries free-slip (impermeable) and insulating on both domain sides, and isothermally hot at the bottom and cold at the top. The Scientific colour map ‘vik‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

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  • Perceptually-uniform colour map
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Solid-state convection (animation)

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection).

Animated simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection). Simulations are run for variable Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and with or without internal heating (H) on a grid with 64×64 discrete nodes using an isoviscous formulation (unless marked otherwise). Equations solved are non-dimensionalised (nd) and the domain boundaries are free-slip (impermeable) and insulating on both domain sides, and isothermally hot at the bottom and cold at the top. The stream-function indicates the instantaneous direction of the flow at any given point in time. The Scientific colour maps ‘vik’ and ‘cork‘ are used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

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  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable as black&white version
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Plume-induced subduction

Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates and hot mantle plumes.

Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates as viscosity isosurfaces (grey) and mantle plumes as a temperature isosurface (red). Individual snapshots highlight the different phases of plume-induced subduction initiation characterised by (a) onset of hot mantle plumes, (b) local lithospheric thinning, (c-d) development of strong lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary topography through shallow horizontal mantle flow and an additional plume pulse, (e-f) plate failure and, finally, (g-h) buoyancy-driven subduction.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 01.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri and Tackley (2016) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., and P. J. Tackley (2016), Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3(1), 1–19, doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0103-8
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Stagnant-lid mantle convection

Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.

Movie showing the temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection under a stagnant lid with hot temperature isosurface (red) and stiff viscosity isosurfaces (grey).

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 07.08.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri and Tackley (2016) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., and P. J. Tackley (2016), Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3(1), 1–19, doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0103-8
  • Animated gif
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Mobile-lid mantle convection

Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.

Animation showing the temporal evolution of whole-mantle convection including plate tectonics. The convective turnover of the mantle is characterised by hot rising mantle plumes (indicated by a hot, red temperature isosurface), and cold and stiff subduction zones of heavy tectonic surface plates (indicated by grey viscosity isosurfaces). Like on the Earth, in this model the mantle convects including its surface thermal boundary layer, with subduction zones (i.e., the sinking of cold and heavy oceanic plates) being its main driver. The global, fully spherical, 3D mantle convection model has been run by the code StagYY and represents the actual dynamics in the Earth’s mantle under some assumptions and simplifications.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 07.08.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri and Tackley (2016) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., and P. J. Tackley (2016), Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3(1), 1–19, doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0103-8
  • Animated gif
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
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