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Tag: Continental plate

Global-scale mantle flow (sketch)

A sketch outlining the link between the viscous convection within the Earth’s mantle and tectonic surface plate motions.

A sketch outlining the link between the viscous convection within the Earth’s mantle and tectonic surface plate motions, deforming Earth’s surface across wide areas. Shown are the relative positions and motion of some of Earth’s continental (brown) and oceanic plates (blue) captured by the hypothetical cross-section through the middle of the planet. The dynamic link between surface and mantle motion is highlighted by arrows representing first-order material flow direction. This global-scale mantle flow is believed to also affect the shape, position and mobility of large low shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs; red) at the base of the mantle (yellow) just above the Earth’s core (orange).

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Tectonic plates (relief)

Global maps of tectonic plates of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011).

Tectonic plates map of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011). The Earth’s lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust and part of the upper mantle, is fractured into about eight major plates and more minor tectonic plates. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. This relative motion causes different deformation at the plate boundaries, which can be grouped into convergence, divergence, and strike-slip motion. At divergent plate boundaries (i.e., spreading ridges), tectonic plates are created, whereas at convergent boundaries (i.e., subduction zones), tectonic plates are recycled back into the Earth’s mantle. Due to their strong deformation, those tectonic plate boundaries are the most common sites for earthquakes and volcanoes.

The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual plates to all readers on this tectonic plates map.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 10.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri et al. (2020) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related references:
    Argus, D. F., R. G. Gordon, and C. DeMets (2011), Geologically current motion of 56 plates relative to the no‐net‐rotation reference frame, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q11001, doi:10.1029/2011GC003751.
    Bird, P. (2003), An updated digital model of plate boundaries, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000252.
    Crameri, F., G.E. Shephard, and E.O. Straume (2022, Pre-print), Effective high-quality science graphics from s-Ink.org, EarthArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31223/X51P78
  • Alternative map projections
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
Download

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

Tectonic plates

Global maps of tectonic plates of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011).

Maps of the tectonic plates of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011). The Earth’s lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust and part of the upper mantle, is fractured into about eight major plates and more minor tectonic plates. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. This relative motion causes different deformation at the plate boundaries, which can be grouped into convergence, divergence, and strike-slip motion. At divergent plate boundaries (i.e., spreading ridges), tectonic plates are created, whereas at convergent boundaries (i.e., subduction zones), tectonic plates are recycled back into the Earth’s mantle. Due to their strong deformation, those tectonic plate boundaries are the most common sites for earthquakes and volcanoes.

The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual plates to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 10.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri et al. (2022) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related references:
    Argus, D. F., R. G. Gordon, and C. DeMets (2011), Geologically current motion of 56 plates relative to the no‐net‐rotation reference frame, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q11001, doi:10.1029/2011GC003751.
    Bird, P. (2003), An updated digital model of plate boundaries, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000252.
    Crameri, F., G.E. Shephard, and E.O. Straume (2022, Pre-print), Effective high-quality science graphics from s-Ink.org, EarthArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31223/X51P78
  • Alternative map projections
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
Download

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

Tectonic plates (simple)

Global maps of tectonic plates of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011).

Maps of the tectonic plates of the Earth, consisting of 56 individual plates named according to abbreviations given in Argus et al. (2011). The Earth’s lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust and part of the upper mantle, is fractured into about eight major plates and more minor tectonic plates. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. This relative motion causes different deformation at the plate boundaries, which can be grouped into convergence, divergence, and strike-slip motion. At divergent plate boundaries (i.e., spreading ridges), tectonic plates are created, whereas at convergent boundaries (i.e., subduction zones), tectonic plates are recycled back into the Earth’s mantle. Due to their strong deformation, those tectonic plate boundaries are the most common sites for earthquakes and volcanoes.
The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual plates to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 10.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri et al. (2022) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related references:
    Argus, D. F., R. G. Gordon, and C. DeMets (2011), Geologically current motion of 56 plates relative to the no‐net‐rotation reference frame, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q11001, doi:10.1029/2011GC003751.
    Bird, P. (2003), An updated digital model of plate boundaries, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000252.
    Crameri, F., G.E. Shephard, and E.O. Straume (2022, Pre-print), Effective high-quality science graphics from s-Ink.org, EarthArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31223/X51P78
  • Alternative map projections
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
Download

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

Mantle convection

Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.

The oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection. Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate sinking and destructing on its way down into the deep mantle, whereas hot mantle plumes next to large-low-shear-wave-velocity provinces (LLSVPs) form and rise back to the surface forming the process of mantle convection. Resisting whole mantle overturn are only the continental lithosphere, which is light and strong and therefore resists subduction, and the large-low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVP), which are chemically heavy features atop the core-mantle boundary. Somewhat passive features in mantle covection are the centre parts of the mantle (in some locations at around 1’000–2’200 km depth) around which the anomalously hot or cold material circles, sometimes called BEAMS, an abbreviation for “bridgmanite-enriched ancient mantle structures“. Thicknesses of individual layers and structures are not perfectly to scale.

  • Vector format
  • Transparent background
  • Suitable for light & dark background
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
Download

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

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