Plume-induced subduction
Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates and hot mantle plumes.
Subduction is a key geological process where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another into the Earth’s mantle, usually at convergent plate boundaries. It drives mountain building, earthquakes, and volcanic activity, shaping Earth’s surface and its deep interior over Millions of years. Subduction zones recycle oceanic crust, are critically driving plate tectonics, and influence global climate through carbon cycling. Famous observables related to subduction include the Mariana Trench and the Andes Mountains. Dive into observables and models of subduction, the critical process that makes our planet so different from all others we know!
Convergent plate boundary
Illustration of a convergent plate boundary on the Earth accommodating the relative motion of the plates by plate subduction and characterised by an arcuate shape.
SZI geologic evidence
Schematic illustration of the emplacement of subduction zone initiation (SZI)-typical rock evidence during SZI, and a typical SZI ophiolite sequence.
Dynamic planet Earth
Illustration of the Earth with parts of its mantle extracted showing plate creation, cooling, and destruction.
Mobile-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mantle convection
Illustrative vertical cross-section showing the oceanic plate as part of whole-mantle convection.