Starting in the 1970s–80s, industrial chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once common in refrigerants and aerosols, built up in the stratosphere and triggered a dramatic seasonal depletion of ozone over Antarctica: the now-famous “ozone hole”.

Ozone Layer Evolution

Yearly evolution of the Earth's ozone layer from 1970 to 2023. It highlights the ozone depletion, particularly over Antarctica, leading to the "ozone hole".

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