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Tag: Geology

Geology is explained in this collection of accurate, accessible science graphics, designed to make understanding the Earth’s materials, processes, and history clear and engaging. These visuals cover rocks, minerals, plate tectonics, volcanoes, earthquakes, and the evolution of landscapes, showing how geology shapes the world around us. Perfect for educators, students, and Earth science enthusiasts, this geology graphic collection turns complex geological concepts into visually rich, easy-to-grasp resources for teaching and learning about our planet’s dynamic nature.

Geologic time scale (spiral)

The geologic time scale proportionally represented as a log-spiral featuring major events in Earth history, and the evolution of life.

The geologic time scale proportionally represented as a log-spiral featuring major events, and the evolution of life. Key events in Earth’s history marked on the diagram include major extinction events, global scale glaciations, the initiation of permanent atmospheric oxygen, the formation of the moon, and the formation of Earth’s magnetic field. The outer spiral arcs show components of the evolution of life on Earth.

This version is provided in fully accessible versions using the Scientific colour maps ‘batlow‘ and ‘glasgow‘ and, also, in the traditional International Commission on Stratigraphy colour scheme. Please note when using the latter colour scheme versions, you exclude some readers with colour-vision deficiencies.

  • Alternative colour schemes
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  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Syncline and anticline

In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger rock layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline.

In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger rock layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline. Illustrated are a folded sequence of rock layers, being old at the bottom and young at the top forming a syncline and two anticlines with corresponding axes (or here rather axial planes) marking their centers.

  • Transparent background
  • Dark-background version
  • Vectorformat version
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
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  • Readable in black&white
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Arches National Park normal fault (Utah)

Normal fault within Permian-Triassic Sediment located at Paradox Basin (Moab Utah).

Normal fault within Permian-Triassic Sediment located at Paradox Basin (Moab Utah). More details at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab_Fault. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual layers to all readers.

This figure was encouraged by iEarth 2022 seed funds.

  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Entrada Formation (Utah)

Interpreted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) model of a cliff showing igneous intrusions. Profile is from the Entrada Formation (160 Ma, Utah).

Interpreted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) model of a cliff showing igneous intrusions. Profile is from the Entrada Formation (160 Ma, Utah) and visual interpretation based on correlating logs. The logs are not available online. This cliff section is part of the Cedar Mountains, which is located within the San Rafael Swell (38°36’54” N, 111°06’44”W).

This figure was encouraged by iEarth 2022 seed funds.

  • Multiple-content versions
  • Vector format versions
  • Dark & light background versions
  • Transparent background
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Geologic time scale (uniform)

The colour-vision deficiency friendly, time-uniform geologic time scales from the s-Ink science graphics collection.

The colour-blind friendly, time-uniform geologic time scale. The geologic time scale represents deep time based on events that have occurred throughout the Earth’s history, spanning approximately 4.54 ± 0.05 Billion years. It organises time chronologically by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or paleontological events.

The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual time periods to all readers.

  • Alternative colouring
  • Alternative font
  • Vector format
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Geologic time scale

The colour-vision deficiency friendly geologic time scale from the s-Ink science graphics collection.

The colour-vision deficiency friendly geologic time scale. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual time periods to all readers.

  • Alternative colouring
  • Alternative font
  • Vector format
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Geologic time scale (artistic)

An artistic version of the geologic time scale that is, for flexible use, provided with variable content.

An artistic version of the geologic time scale that is, for flexible use, also provided as barebone template for later manual adjustment, with time being indicated both as time ago from present and time since the beginning, and with alternative content. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual time periods to all readers.

  • Alternative content
  • Layered version
  • Vector format
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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SZI geologic evidence

Schematic illustration of the emplacement of subduction zone initiation (SZI)-typical rock evidence during SZI, and a typical SZI ophiolite sequence.

Schematic illustration of the emplacement of subduction zone initiation (SZI)-typical rock evidence during SZI, and a typical SZI ophiolite sequence. Note that this is a text-book example (according to e.g., the Izu-Bonin-Mariana SZI) and that pre-existing structures (e.g., a pre-existing volcanic arc) or variable SZI dynamics (e.g., horizontal compression) could inhibit various stages and therefore their typical rock signatures.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 18.08.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri et al. (2020) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., V. Magni, M. Domeier, G.E. Shephard, K. Chotalia, G. Cooper, C. Eakin, A.G. Grima, D. Gürer, A. Király, E. Mulyukova, K. Peters, B. Robert, and M. Thielmann (2020), A transdisciplinary and community-driven database to unravel subduction zone initiation, Nature Communications, 11, 3750. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17522-9
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