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Magnetic Seafloor Anomalies

Global map of magnetic anomalies imprinted onto the seafloor of the Earth in form of characteristic stripes and other patterns.


Global map of magnetic anomalies imprinted onto the seafloor of the Earth in form of characteristic magnetic stripes and other patterns. The magnetic anomalies are not only observable on the seafloor, but also provide insight into the subsurface structure and composition of the Earth’s crust. Anomalies trending parallel to the isochrons (lines of equal plate age) in the oceans reveal the temporal growth of oceanic plate and crust: seafloor spreading.

Ever so often the Earth’s magnetic field flips its polarity in an occurrence called a geomagnetic reversal. These reversals throughout Earth’s history are recorded in solidifying rocks, such as in the ones making up the growing oceanic crust at mid-oceanic ridges. The successive bands of ocean floor representing alternating magnetic polarity parallel with mid-ocean ridges was important evidence for seafloor spreading, the concept central to the acceptance of the early theory of plate tectonics.

The data plotted is from the global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) and was compiled from satellite, ship and airborne magnetic measurements.

  • Various other map projections included
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  • Readable in black&white

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Pangea

Reconstruction of the supercontinent Pangea (or Pangaea) that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

Reconstruction of the supercontinent Pangea (or Pangaea) that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. During the Carboniferous approximately 335 Million years ago, Pangea assembled from the earlier continental fragments of Gondwana, Euramerica, and Siberia, and started to break apart about 200 Million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic. Pangea extended between Earth’s northern and southern polar regions and was surrounded by the Panthalassa Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first that was reconstructed by geoscientists.

Here shown is not only the position of the continents, but also the reconstruction of the Earth’s surface paleotopography and paleobathymetry from Scotese & Wright (2018) paleo-digital elevation model (PaleoDEMS). The Scientific colour map ‘bukavu‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Dark and light background versions
  • Transparent background
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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Earthquake distribution map (poster)

Global map of seismicity showing the distribution of large 5.8+ magnitude historic earthquakes derived from seismic wave measurements.

Global map of seismicity showing the distribution of large 5.8+ magnitude historic earthquakes derived from seismic wave measurements after the compilation by Hayes (2018). Shown are individual epicentres coloured by depth. For individual earthquake maps see: s-ink.org/historic-earthquake-distribution .

The Scientific colour map ‘oslo‘ is used to represent earthquake depth accurately and to all readers.

  • Light & dark background versions
  • High resolution
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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History of the Universe

Schematic illustration of the history and evolution of the universe—from the Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago to present day—based on our current knowledge and the ground-breaking new insights provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Schematic illustration of the history and evolution of the universe—from the Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago to present day—based on our current knowledge and the ground-breaking new insights provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Graphically represented are the Big Bang, the Cosmic Inflation, the Dark Ages, the first galaxies, stars and black holes, the Hydrogen reionisation, and the JWST amongst present-day style galaxies within an ever expanding playground called universe. 

The illustration was developed during the breakthrough workshop ‘The Chronology of the Very Early Universe According to JWST: The First Billion Years‘ at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland.

  • Variable graphical formats
  • Variable content versions
  • Digital and print-ready versions
  • Readable on light & dark backgrounds
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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Colour palette and gradient types

Classification of colour maps into palette types and gradient types.

Colour maps are classified into different palette types (continuous; discrete; categorical) and gradient types (sequential; diverging; multi-sequential; cyclic). Only sequential colour-gradient types can be faithfully applied to categorical types of data in form of categorical colour palettes. Scientific colour maps of all types are available from www.fabiocrameri.ch/colourmaps. A guideline on when to use which type is given on s-ink.org/colour-map-guideline.

  • Vector format
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  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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Magnetic pole

Locations of North and South Magnetic poles and Geomagnetic poles (a.k.a. dipole poles) mapped in relation to the Geographic pole of the Earth.

Locations of North and South Magnetic poles and Geomagnetic poles (a.k.a. dipole poles) mapped in relation to the Geographic pole of the Earth. Data is based on IGRF-13 and displays the historic pole locations from 1900 onwards and the prediction until 2025. The Geomagnetic poles are the intersections of the axis of a bar magnet hypothetically placed at the planet’s center and the Earth’s surface. The geomagnetic field, however, has a more complicated shape than a magnetic field generated by a bar magnet. The Magnetic poles are the points at which magnetic needles actually become vertical. These poles are drifting due to changes in the geomagnetic field called “the geomagnetic secular variation”.

The ‘navia‘ and lipari Scientific color maps are used to guarantee precise and color-blind-friendly representation of the temporal evolution of the poles.

  • Printable version in CMYK and vector format
  • Suitable for light & dark backgrounds
  • Perceptually uniform colour maps
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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Mars topography (poster)

Comprehensive global maps depicting the topography of the Martian surface (MOLA), featuring polar regions.

Comprehensive global maps depicting the topography of the Martian surface, featuring polar regions. Represented is the digital elevation model (accessible at https://astrogeology.usgs.gov), derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data collected by NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee et al., 2001; Smith and Zuber, 1999). The ‘lajolla‘ Scientific color map is used to guarantee precise and color-blind-friendly representation of the data.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 20.11.2023
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri adjusted from Crameri et al. (2020) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related references:
    Smith, D. E., & Zuber, M. T. (1998). The relationship between MOLA northern hemisphere topography and the 6.1‐Mbar atmospheric pressure surface of Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(24), 4397-4400.
    Crameri, F., G.E. Shephard, and P.J. Heron (2020), The misuse of colour in science communication, Nature Communications, 11, 5444. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19160-7
  • Printable version in CMYK and vector format
  • Suitable for light & dark backgrounds
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

Oceanic plate age (poster)

Visually accessible global map for poster print of oceanic plate age designed for color-blind readers.

Visually accessible global maps of oceanic plate age designed for color-blind readers. Highlighted are subduction zones (wide black lines) and other plate boundaries (thin black lines). Ages of the oceanic crust range from 0 (depicted in light colours) to approximately 200 Million years (depicted in dark colours), illustrating the dynamic process of ongoing plate motion and recycling through ocean-plate tectonics. This comprehensive representation is based on global seafloor age data from Müller et al. (1997), visualised on a custom Interrupted Mollweide map projection developed by Crameri et al. (2020a), with a specific focus on the world’s oceans. The ‘batlow‘ Scientific color map ensures accurate data representation and inclusivity for all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 19.11.2023
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri using data from Müller et al. (1997) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related references:
    Müller, R. D., et al. (1997). “Digital isochrons of the world’s ocean floor.” J. Geophys. Res. 102(B2): 3211-3214.
    Crameri, F., V. Magni, M. Domeier, G.E. Shephard, K. Chotalia, G. Cooper, C. Eakin, A.G. Grima, D. Gürer, A. Király, E. Mulyukova, K. Peters, B. Robert, and M. Thielmann (2020a), A transdisciplinary and community-driven database to unravel subduction zone initiation, Nature Communications, 11, 3750. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17522-9
  • Printable version in CMYK and vector format
  • Suitable for light & dark backgrounds
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

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The scientific method

Visualisation depicting the fundamental steps of the scientific method, an indispensable framework for cultivating and sustaining a robust community-level comprehension of scientific phenomena.

Visualisation depicting the fundamental steps of the scientific method, an indispensable framework for cultivating and sustaining a robust community-level comprehension of scientific phenomena. Mastery of data analysis is essential for effective research, involving critical questions such as ‘What are we investigating?’ ‘How do we experimentally validate our hypotheses?’ ‘Can results be confidently confirmed?’ and ‘What additional information is needed for robust conclusions?’ The scientific proficiency extends to adeptly presenting research outcomes in a lucid and concise manner, encompassing both positive and negative findings. In an era where misinformation poses a genuine threat, the foundational principles of critical thinking inherent in the scientific method play a pivotal role in appreciating, sharing, and safeguarding knowledge.

The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent individual graphic elements to all readers.

  • Animated version
  • Individual frames
  • Printable (vector format & CMYK) version
  • Suitable for light & dark backgrounds
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

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