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Tag: S-wave

Seismic mantle tomography maps

Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs).

Surface projected global horizontal seismic S-wave velocity anomaly maps for different mantle depths revealing the two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) below the Pacific (named Jason) and Africa (named Tuzo). Shown is the S10MEAN model based on Doubrovine et al. (2016) averaging 10 tomography models allowing to compare relative variations in S-wave velocity. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 31.10.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri based on data compiled by Doubrovine et al. (2016) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related references: Doubrovine, P. V., Steinberger, B., and Torsvik, T. H. (2016), A failure to reject: Testing the correlation between large igneous provinces and deep mantle structures with EDF statistics, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 17, 1130– 1163, doi:10.1002/2015GC006044.
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S-wave velocity maps

Global horizontal S-wave seismic velocity anomaly maps for different upper-mantle depths.

Global horizontal S-wave seismic velocity anomaly maps for different upper-mantle depths highlighting the variable base topography of the surface plates with seismically fast, deep continental roots and cratons reaching far down into the mantle. Shown is the average of two upper-mantle seismic tomography models, SL2013sv (Schaeffer & Lebedev, 2013) and 3D2016_09Sv (Debayle et al., 2016). The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 30.10.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri based on data compiled on SubMachine (Hosseini et al., 2018) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related references:
    · Hosseini, K. , Matthews, K. J., Sigloch, K. , Shephard, G. E., Domeier, M. and Tsekhmistrenko, M. (2018), SubMachine: Web-Based tools for exploring seismic tomography and other models of Earth’s deep interior. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19. doi:10.1029/2018GC007431
    · Debayle, E., Dubuffet, F., and Durand, S. (2016), An automatically updated S-wave model of the upper mantle and the depth extent of azimuthal anisotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 674– 682, doi:10.1002/2015GL067329.
    · A. J. Schaeffer, S. Lebedev, Global shear speed structure of the upper mantle and transition zone, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 194, Issue 1, July 2013, Pages 417–449, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt095
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Seismic wave travel paths

A schematic highlighting the travel paths of seismic waves through the Earth’s interior.

A schematic highlighting the travel paths of seismic waves through the Earth’s interior. Seismic waves travelling through the Earth follow a curving path due to changes in composition, pressure, and temperature within the layers of the Earth. They follow the same laws of refraction and reflection at interfaces as others waves. When they encounter boundaries between different media, the waves behave according to Snell’s law, with the resulting angle of refraction across the boundary depending on the velocity difference between the two media. Seismic wave arrivals, and the lack of arrivals of direct S- and P-waves, at distant seismic stations have taught us that there are multiple layers within the Earth.

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