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Tag: Slab gap

Slab tearing (sketch)

Sketch of laterally progressing slab detachment and resulting inflow of asthenospheric material into the opening gap.

Sketch of laterally progressing slab detachment. The concentration of slab pull forces towards a narrowing part of the subducted plate (slab) produces a characteristic pattern of surface-plate subsidence and uplift migrating along strike, and increases trench retreat and inflow of asthenospheric material into the gap resulting from the slab detachment.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 21.10.2022
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri adopted from Wortel and Spakman (2000) is available via the open-access s-Ink.org repository.
  • Related reference: Wortel, M. J. R., & Spakman, W. (2000). Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region. Science, 290(5498), 1910-1917.
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Slab-gap dynamics

Sketch of an evolution of an opening and sinking slab gap during oceanic subduction and the resulting surrounding mantle flow.

Evolution of an opening and sinking slab gap during oceanic subduction. This conclusive image is based on analog models of subduction, where the slab surface was monitored by 3-D scanning and the mantle flow was imaged using PIV technique. The opening slab gap allows mantle to flow from the sub-slab area to the mantle wedge area. However, this flow might only have an effect on the surface when the slab gap is near-surface and has a significant vertical extent.

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Slab retreat dynamics

Three different ways to allow for fast subduction trench retreat.

Sketch of three different ways to allow for fast subduction trench retreat that are flattening of the slab from side view (top left), curvature of the slab from top view for narrow (top centre) and wide subduction zones (bottom), and partial slab damage (i.e., slab window) from side view (top right). Shown are initial (grey) and end position (black) of the plate and corresponding mantle flow (blue) that displaces mantle material from its initial region (orange) to its final region (green).

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 12.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri and Tackley (2014) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., and P.J. Tackley (2014), Spontaneous development of arcuate single-sided subduction in global 3-D mantle convection models with a free surface, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119(7), 5921-5942, doi:10.1002/2014JB010939
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Subduction seismic anisotropy

Illustration of constraints on subduction zone seismic anisotropy from a global compilation of shear-wave splitting measurements.

Illustration of constraints on subduction zone seismic anisotropy from shear-wave splitting measurements from the compilation presented in Long (2013). The subduction trenches compiled by Bird (2003) are shown in black. The anisotropic signals of the wedge (orange) and back-slab regions (blue) are shown separately. Blue arrows indicate average fast directions for the back-slab splitting signal from SKS (seismic waves traveling through the Outer Core), local S, and source-side tele-seismic S-splitting measurements (Long and Silver, 2009; Paczkowski, 2012). Orange arrows indicate average fast directions for wedge anisotropy from local S splitting (Long and Wirth, 2013). In regions where multiple fast directions are shown, splitting patterns exhibit a mix of trench-parallel, trench-perpendicular, and oblique fast directions.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 01.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri after Crameri and Tackley (2014) and Long (2013) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related references:
    Crameri, F., and P.J. Tackley (2014), Spontaneous development of arcuate single-sided subduction in global 3-D mantle convection models with a free surface, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119(7), 5921-5942, doi:10.1002/2014JB010939
    Long, M. D. (2013), Constraints on subduction geodynamics from seismic anisotropy, Rev. Geophys., 51, 76–112, doi:10.1002/rog.20008
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Slab tearing

Time-evolution of subduction slab break-off shown in a global spherical 3-D model.

Evolution of subduction slab tearing and eventual slab break-off shown in a global spherical 3-D model by contours of viscosity. The stiff down-going plate (yellow) is moving towards the observer before subduction and is starting to laterally tear apart at depth, while the remaining intact part continues to subduct.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 01.09.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri from Crameri and Tackley (2014) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related reference: Crameri, F., and P.J. Tackley (2014), Spontaneous development of arcuate single-sided subduction in global 3-D mantle convection models with a free surface, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119(7), 5921-5942, doi:10.1002/2014JB010939
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