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Geologic time scale (spiral)

The geologic time scale proportionally represented as a log-spiral featuring major events in Earth history, and the evolution of life.

The geologic time scale proportionally represented as a log-spiral featuring major events, and the evolution of life. Key events in Earth’s history marked on the diagram include major extinction events, global scale glaciations, the initiation of permanent atmospheric oxygen, the formation of the moon, and the formation of Earth’s magnetic field. The outer spiral arcs show components of the evolution of life on Earth.

This version is provided in fully accessible versions using the Scientific colour maps ‘batlow‘ and ‘glasgow‘ and, also, in the traditional International Commission on Stratigraphy colour scheme. Please note when using the latter colour scheme versions, you exclude some readers with colour-vision deficiencies.

  • Alternative colour schemes
  • Transparent background
  • Vector format versions
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

Population density

Population density of the world, for the year 2020.

Human population density across the world, for the year 2020. The world’s population is approximately 8’000’000’000, and the Earth’s total area, encompassing both land and water, is 510’000’000 square kilometres. Consequently, the global human population density is calculated as 8’000’000’000 divided by 510’000’000, resulting in a average value of 16 people per square kilometre. Provided are (A) a gridded visualisation with 2.5 min resolution, (B) a visualisation of the mean population density per country calculated from the 2.5 min grid (GPWv4), and (C) an animation combining graphics (A) and (B).

The Scientific colour map ‘lajolla‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Gridded and mean data versions
  • High-res video format
  • Perceptually uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

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