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Tag: Fluid flow

Solid-state convection

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection).

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection). Simulations are run for variable Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and with or without internal heating (H) on a grid with 64×64 discrete nodes using an isoviscous formulation (unless marked otherwise). Equations solved are non-dimensionalised (nd) and the domain boundaries free-slip (impermeable) and insulating on both domain sides, and isothermally hot at the bottom and cold at the top. The Scientific colour map ‘vik‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Vector format versions
  • Perceptually-uniform colour map
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable as black&white print
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Solid-state convection (animation)

Simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection).

Animated simulation of infinite Prandtl number, thermal convection (e.g., mantle convection). Simulations are run for variable Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and with or without internal heating (H) on a grid with 64×64 discrete nodes using an isoviscous formulation (unless marked otherwise). Equations solved are non-dimensionalised (nd) and the domain boundaries are free-slip (impermeable) and insulating on both domain sides, and isothermally hot at the bottom and cold at the top. The stream-function indicates the instantaneous direction of the flow at any given point in time. The Scientific colour maps ‘vik’ and ‘cork‘ are used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Light & dark background versions
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable as black&white version
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Volcanic arc creation

A conceptual view of a volcanic arc growing through the evolution of magmatism in subduction zones controlled by fluid and melt fluxes.

A series of schematic cartoons (both as still and animated images) to show how a volcanic arc grows through the evolution of magmatism in subduction zones controlled by fluid and melt fluxes.

  • Alternative content
  • Layered version
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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Deep geologic water cycle

A schematic cartoon of the deep water cycle in the Earth’s mantle.

A schematic cartoon of the deep water cycle. Water percolates through the oceanic tectonic plates at the surface, hydrating the oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle below it. When the oceanic plates subduct, part of the water is released at shallow depths (<250 km) into the mantle wedge above the slab. This triggers mantle melting and the formation of volcanic arcs at the surface, in the overriding plate. The rest of the water stays in the slab and is carried deep down into the mantle. Depending on the subduction dynamics, this water can either be released at the mantle transition zone (410-660 km), where large amount of water can be stored in nominally anhydrous minerals, or go even deeper, up to the core-mantle boundary. Part of the water present in the mantle can then be released at the surface again by melt at intraplate volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges as it is transported by plumes and mantle convection.

  • Transparent background
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
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