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Tag: Cratons

S-wave velocity maps

Global horizontal S-wave seismic velocity anomaly maps for different upper-mantle depths.

Global horizontal S-wave seismic velocity anomaly maps for different upper-mantle depths highlighting the variable base topography of the surface plates with seismically fast, deep continental roots and cratons reaching far down into the mantle. Shown is the average of two upper-mantle seismic tomography models, SL2013sv (Schaeffer & Lebedev, 2013) and 3D2016_09Sv (Debayle et al., 2016). The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 30.10.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri based on data compiled on SubMachine (Hosseini et al., 2018) is available via the open-access s-Ink repository.
  • Related references:
    · Hosseini, K. , Matthews, K. J., Sigloch, K. , Shephard, G. E., Domeier, M. and Tsekhmistrenko, M. (2018), SubMachine: Web-Based tools for exploring seismic tomography and other models of Earth’s deep interior. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19. doi:10.1029/2018GC007431
    · Debayle, E., Dubuffet, F., and Durand, S. (2016), An automatically updated S-wave model of the upper mantle and the depth extent of azimuthal anisotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 674– 682, doi:10.1002/2015GL067329.
    · A. J. Schaeffer, S. Lebedev, Global shear speed structure of the upper mantle and transition zone, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 194, Issue 1, July 2013, Pages 417–449, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt095
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Lithosphere thickness map

Global maps displaying lateral variations in lithosphere thickness across the surface of the Earth.

Global maps displaying lateral variations in lithosphere thickness across the surface of the Earth. Oceanic lithosphere is assigned a thickness proportional to the square root of its age (ages are taken from Müller et al., 1997). For continental areas, characteristic thickness is determined following the method of Gung et al. (2003), who employ the maximum depth for which the seismic velocity anomaly (as determined using the seismic tomography model S20RTSb of Ritsema et al., 2004) is consistently greater than +2%. Moreover, a 100-km thickness is imposed as the minimum continental and maximum oceanic characteristic thickness. It should be kept in mind that material properties such as viscosity vary continuously throughout the depth of the lithosphere, so the definition of thickness may vary. The presented model does not assume any particular definition, but instead characterises lateral variations in layer thickness (see Conrad and Lithogow-Bertelloni, 2006). The Scientific colour map ‘acton‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

  • Creator: Fabio Crameri
  • This version: 25.10.2021
  • License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
  • Specific citation: This graphic by Fabio Crameri based on data by Conrad & Lithgow-Bertelloni (2006) is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
  • Related reference: Conrad, C.P., and C. Lithgow-Bertelloni (2006), Influence of continental roots and asthenosphere on plate-mantle coupling, Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05312, doi:10.1029/2005GL025621.
  • Alternative map projections
  • Alternative colour maps
  • Transparent background
  • Light & dark background versions
  • Perceptually uniform
  • Colour-vision deficiency friendly
  • Readable in black&white
Download

Faulty or missing link? – Please report them via a reply below!

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