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Tag: Universe

The Universe is explored in this collection of accurate, accessible science graphics, designed to make understanding the cosmos clear and engaging. These visuals cover galaxies, stars, planets, black holes, and the Big Bang, helping to explain the structure, evolution, and scale of everything that exists. Perfect for educators, students, and space enthusiasts, this Universe graphic collection turns complex astronomical concepts into visually rich, easy-to-grasp resources for teaching and learning about the wonders of the cosmos.

Earliest galaxies morphologies

Resolved morphologies of the early galaxies (with redshift > 6) observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).


Resolved morphologies of the early galaxies (with redshift > 6) observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) (using the Near-InfraRed Camera, NIRCam, instrument unless otherwise specified). Galaxies in the field (top row) show clumpy and dense structures (Kartaltepe et al. 2023). Thanks to gravitational lensing, the light from these compact galaxies is resolved into several stellar clumps down to small sizes on the scale of tens of parsecs (“The Cosmic Grapes”; Fujimoto et al. 2024). In some cases, these clumps show strong emission lines as showcased for M1149-JD1 observed with NIRISS and NIRCam (Bradač et al. 2024), MIRI imaging and integral field spectroscopy (Álvarez-Márquez et al. 2023), and NIRSpec (GA-NIFS collab. in prep.) suggesting that intense episodes of star formation are concentrated within them. Near the critical lines, the galaxy light is stretched into long arcs revealing bright compact bound star clusters, with intrinsic sizes smaller than 10 parsecs such as for the “Cosmic Gems arc”, “Firefly Sparkle”, and “Sunrise arc” (Adamo et al. 2024; Mowla et al. 2024; Vanzella et al. 2023a, respectively) and single stars such as “Earendel” (Welch et al. 2022). These stellar systems dominate the light of their galaxies, suggesting that star cluster might be a dominant star formation mode for young galaxies.

This graphic was developed during the breakthrough workshop ‘The Chronology of the Very Early Universe According to JWST: The First Billion Years‘ at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland.

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Cosmic Timeline

The cosmic timeline, from the origin of the known Universe in the Big Bang, 13.8 Billion years ago, until present day.

The cosmic timeline, from the origin of the known Universe in the Big Bang, 13.8 Billion years ago, until present day. Shown are major events based on the current standard picture. After the Big Bang, the Universe underwent “Inflation”, a period of accelerated expansion that expanded the Universe by around 60 orders of magnitude. The Universe then kept expanding and cooling until the next major epoch of “Recombination”, when the first hydrogen atoms formed about 400’000 years later. After the subsequent “Dark ages” of the Universe that lasted for a few hundred Million years, the emergence of the earliest galaxies marked the start of the era of “Cosmic dawn”. Within the first galaxies, the first photons were produced and were capable of ionising the neutral hydrogen atoms permeating space. This then started the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR), the most recent major phase transition in the Universe. Isolated galaxies (light dots) produced ionised regions (roundish patches) in the initial stages of reionisation that grew and merged until the Universe was fully re-ionised. 

A graphic by the DELPHI project (ERC 717001) is included in the current illustration. The final graphic was developed during the breakthrough workshop ‘The Chronology of the Very Early Universe According to JWST: The First Billion Years‘ at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland.

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History of the Universe

Schematic illustration of the history and evolution of the universe—from the Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago to present day—based on our current knowledge and the ground-breaking new insights provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Schematic illustration of the history and evolution of the universe—from the Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago to present day—based on our current knowledge and the ground-breaking new insights provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Graphically represented are the Big Bang, the Cosmic Inflation, the Dark Ages, the first galaxies, stars and black holes, the Hydrogen reionisation, and the JWST amongst present-day style galaxies within an ever expanding playground called universe. 

The illustration was developed during the breakthrough workshop ‘The Chronology of the Very Early Universe According to JWST: The First Billion Years‘ at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland.

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Discovered Exoplanets

The entire collection of Exoplanets discovered so far.

The entire collection of exoplanets discovered so far represented with their relative size to scale. Shown are exoplanets, which are planets outside our solar system, with known radii. The Scientific colour map ‘batlow‘ is used to represent data accurately and to all readers.

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