GNSS-enabled natural hazard monitoring and early warning. Networks of GNSS stations and seismometers are used to detect strong ground motion from large earthquakes. Buoys equipped with GNSS sensors monitor tsunami wave heights. Earthquake and tsunami waves can trigger acoustic and gravity waves, which are observable by GNSS in the ionosphere. In the troposphere, GNSS sensors measure signal delays induced by water vapour variations associated with severe weather events. Landslide and volcanic hazards can be monitored with GNSS stations, as well as acoustic-gravity waves induced by volcanic eruptions. The monitoring data is processed by warning centres, which can then broadcast warning signals in the event of a potential natural hazard-induced threat.
- Creators: Roland Hohensinn & Mirjam Jobst
- This version: 30.08.2024
- License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Specific citation: This graphic by Roland Hohensinn and Mirjam Jobst is available via the open-access s-ink.org repository.
- Related reference: Hohensinn, R., Aichinger-Rosenberger, M., Wareyka-Glaner, M.F., & Ravanelli, M. (2024). Natural-hazard monitoring with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 65, Space Geodesy for Environmental Monitoring. Elsevier.
- Vector format version
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