Plume-induced subduction
Temporal evolution of subduction initiation in a global, 3-D spherical numerical experiment showing the cold plates and hot mantle plumes.
Stagnant-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.
Mobile-lid mantle convection
Temporal evolution of a global, fully spherical, 3D model of whole-mantle convection.